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Q&A How do linguists determine historical pronunciation?

There were two recent questions (here and here) about historical pronunications. I know that languages evolve in sound over time, but how do linguists determine what the original phonology was seve...

1 answer  ·  posted 4y ago by Sigma‭  ·  edited 4y ago by Moshi‭

#2: Post edited by user avatar Moshi‭ · 2020-10-06T15:14:00Z (about 4 years ago)
There were two recent questions ([here](https://languages.codidact.com/questions/277283) and [here](https://languages.codidact.com/questions/277285)) about historical pronunications. I know that languages evolve in sound over time, but how do linguists determine what the original phonology was several hundred or thousand years ago before we had audio recordings? 

What techniques or heuristics do they rely on in their studies, and which are accessible to laymen attempting to recreate a historically accurate pronunciation? 

#1: Initial revision by user avatar Sigma‭ · 2020-08-18T11:38:39Z (over 4 years ago)
How do linguists determine historical pronunciation? 
There were two recent questions ([here](https://languages.codidact.com/questions/277283) and [here](https://languages.codidact.com/questions/277285)) about historical pronunications. I know that languages evolve in sound over time, but how do linguists determine what the original phonology was several hundred or thousand years ago before we had audio recordings? 

What techniques or heuristics do they rely on in their studies, and which are accessible to laymen attempting to recreate a historically accurate pronunciation?