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Attempts to fashion a purer form of literary English can be seen in the poetry of Edmund Spenser in the 16th century and William Barnes in the 19th century. Barnes’ arguments against borrowing ...
Question
etymology
#2: Post edited
Using only Germanic etymons, how can "lemma" be translated as "rede-ship"?
- How can "lemma" be translated as "rede-ship" with merely Germanic etymons?
#1: Initial revision
Using only Germanic etymons, how can "lemma" be translated as "rede-ship"?
>Attempts to fashion a purer form of literary English can be seen in the poetry of Edmund Spenser in the 16th century and William Barnes in the 19th century. Barnes’ arguments against borrowing were primarily directed at perspicuity and ease of understanding—although his proposed replacements, such as ***two-horned rede-ship* ‘dilemma’**, *one-head thing-name* ‘proper noun’, and *fore-begged thought-putting* ‘hypothetical proposition’, were arguably no less opaque. Yet the debate about linguistic purity cannot be divorced from one of nationalism; for Barnes, borrowing, or what he dismissively referred to as ‘Gallicizing, Latinizing, and Hellenizing’, was a ‘proof of national inferiority’—an admission that English was insufficient for its purposes and must rely on other languages to make good its weaknesses. *The English Language A Very Short Introduction* (2018) by Simon Horobin, p 8. [dilemma | Search Online Etymology Dictionary](https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=dilemma) > 1520s in rhetoric (see below), from Late Latin dilemma, from Greek dilemma "double proposition," a technical term in rhetoric, from di- "two" (see di- (1)) + lemma "premise, anything received or taken," from root of lambanein "to take" (see lemma). > > > A form of argument in which it is shown that whoever maintains a certain proposition must accept one or other of two alternative conclusions, and that each of these involves the denial of the proposition in question. \[Century Dictionary\] > > Loosely, "choice between two undesirable alternatives," from 1580s. It should be used only of situations where someone is forced to choose between two alternatives, both unfavorable to him (the alternatives are called the horns of a dilemma). But even logicians disagree on whether certain situations are dilemmas or mere syllogisms. [rede | Search Online Etymology Dictionary](https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=rede). I know [rede](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rede#English) is archaic. > "counsel, advice," Old English ræd "advice, counsel," from Proto-Germanic \*redin (source also of Old Saxon rad "advice, counsel, help, advantage," Old Frisian red "council, advice," Dutch raad "advice, counsel," German Rat "advice, counsel," Old Norse rað "advice, consideration, remedy, power; marriage"), from the source of read (v.), which originally meant "to advise, counsel." I understand that DI can be construed as TWO-HORNED. But I don't understand how LEMMA can be translated as *rede-ship*.