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Posts by Jirka Hanika‭

79 posts
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Q&A Why does the dollar sign precede the number in English?

TL;DR: Similar usage is much older than paper checks. But the rumor is not far from the truth, especially if the question is about the U.S. dollar currency specifically. The usage inside of (mode...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Are Icelandic unstressed diphthongs in loanwords supposed to be reduced?

In Icelandic, certain accented vowel letters (especially ó, á) are consistently explained as diphthongs ([ou] and [au], respectively) in pronunciation guides. Accented vowel letters are also encou...

0 answers  ·  posted 2mo ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Why is the third person singular conjugation different in the past tense?

Your question is about a particular subclass of German verbs, namely weak verbs. Weak verbs, along with their conjugation, are a Proto-Germanic invention. Proto-Germanic isn't an attested languag...

posted 1y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A How tan pronounced?

Knowledge of phonetics definitely helps when learning pronunciation of a foreign language on your own. Step 1: Tongue position Tongue position is a two dimensional game. This link shows a Bengal...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A How did kúklos ("circular") shift to signify "general"?

The specific form of the word in Latin and English is mediaeval, but it draws on much older concepts and constructs on other languages. Two thousand years ago, εγκυκλιος παιδεια ("enkyklios paidei...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A How can a problem or puzzle be analogized as a knot?

The metaphor should be very accessible for a fluent speaker of Russian, therefore I suspect that the misunderstanding possibly involved some additional words that also occur in the quote. In Russi...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Why word future events in the present?

There is some arbitrariness in what you are[1] going to call (formal) future tense in an almost analytical language. The idea of grammatical categories, including which tenses to look for in a ver...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Why past tense in imaginative play in Finnish?

The younger the child, the less established the grammar. You can respond with "Nyt se menee nukkumaan" and put the toy into its sleeping house, thus just implementing the suggestion using your own...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A How did « re » + « partir » compound to 🡲 "repartee", which means "rejoinder"?

partir is intransitive in modern French ("depart") but primarily transitive in Old French ("distribute", i.e., "make depart"). The transitive meaning is still preserved, as an archaism, in the set...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Meta Who should the temporary moderators be?

I nominate msh210 because he has an analytical mind, familiarity with sign languages (which I think is useful background during the scope definition period of the site), and, like Moshi, a healthy ...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A How did 'consideration' shift to signify grounds and the act of deliberation, then inducer of a grant or promise?

It is a sequence of shifts of meaning. 1 to 2 is a metonymy. Some, such as Burke, would even call it a synecdoche, as long as they are ready to consider an "effect" to be a part of its "cause" or...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Is Swedish more conservative than Danish and Norwegians?

Every language has lots of varieties which differ in conservativity among themselves. This effect can be massive[1]. If any particular methodology for assessing conservativity forces a choice bet...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A How did 'equity' semantically shift to mean 'Assets — Liabilities'?

The term (semantic) "shift" implies not just the emergence of a new meaning, but also abandonment of the old one. The old meanings you refer to are still present in current English, so it is perha...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Meta Split off Linguistics into a site category?

This is one of four (or more) alternative answers. (I am posting the alternatives separately and simultaneously to allow separate voting and commenting. They represent elaborations of potential c...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A What is "these gentry" in Marxist writing?

To understand Orwell's point, more context is in order. I'm leaving out most examples of Bad Writing indicators he gives which tend to be single words each. Foreign words and expressions such as ...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Has there ever been a situation of perfect bilingualism, without falling in diglossia?

The term "multiligualism" is generally used to characterize the linguistic capabilities of a single speaker. If the person uses exactly two (or at least two) languages, they are bilinguial even if...

posted 11mo ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A How to refer to a whole family in Icelandic?

In Icelandic, you are, I suppose, more likely to refer to a single person and their family, than to the family without naming any single person as well. Random example from the web: "Fjölskylda Ei...

posted 11mo ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 11mo ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A What is the Thai word for plurally numerical answer expectancy?

The concrete word to be used depends on the kind of the object you want to count and it is called a "classifier". There are hundreds of classifiers in Thai; much fewer classifiers than nouns, but ...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A When would a sentence consist of "terdiri" with "atas" or "dari"?

The same thing can be expressed in any given language in many ways. You have not provided any source for the claim that "Kecamatan ini terdiri atas sepuluh desa." would be using the wrong word. T...

posted 1y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Why did the Tironian et survive in Irish, when it died out everywhere else?

Irish literature is really, really old, and the Tironian shorthand had its best days before 1100, i.e., before the most of European vernacular literatures came about. This is the closest meme to a...

posted 2y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A How did « histoire », in « histoire de/que », semantically shift to signify "in order to/that"?

(I will suppose that the connection of French "histoire" to English "story" is rather clear, except that the English word is closer in its meaning to a "story as it is told", whereas the French one...

posted 2y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 2y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Linguistics of categorization

In a language like English, the distinction between "singular" and "plural" forms would be called a "grammatical feature" or "grammatical category". (This is a different use of the term "category"...

posted 2y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Malay languages or Indonesian languages --- which is more close to Philippine languages?

Let me offer a frame challenge answer: it is pretty much the same (if you pick the Malay language and the Indonesian language as the representatives of the respective "clubs", and compare them to p...

posted 2y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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Q&A Icelandic patronymic pronunciation

I find the pronunciation of Icelandic highly regular and predictable on the whole, but male patronymics continue to puzzle me. The suffix "-son" is consistently pronounced with an initial /ʃ/ rath...

1 answer  ·  posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  last activity 3y ago by Lundin‭

Question Icelandic
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Q&A What is "phoolon" in Hindi?

Some of that is pronunciation, some of that is grammar. फूल "phool" - flower (Sanskrit origin) फूलों "phoolon" - flowers फ़ूल "ful" - foolish (loanword from English) The initial consonant o...

posted 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭  ·  edited 3y ago by Jirka Hanika‭

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